الدليل الفني للطرق والكباري
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

تنويه

تنويه

نعتذر منكم اشد الاعتذار للخلل الفني الظاهر على الموقع
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الدليل الاسترشادي لاهم تجارب ميكانيك التربة


الدليل الاسترشادي لاهم تجارب ميكانيك التربة



دليل مفصل لطريقة اجراء اهم اختبارات التربة وطريقة اعداد وكتابة التقارير
موضح بالتفصيل الممل والصور والجداول والمعادلات
من وضع جامعة بوليتكنك فلسطين








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تحميل الكود المصري لاعمال الطرق الحضرية والخلوية

الكود 104


الكود المصرى للطرق كامل يحتوي علي 10 اجزاء
الدراسات الاوليه للطريق
صيانة الطرق
التصميم الانشائي للطريق
تصميم وانشاء الجسور
مواد الطرق واختباراتها
معدات تنفيذ لبطرق
دراسات المرور
التصميم الهندسي
مواد الطرق واختباراتها
تصميم وانشاء الجسور
الصرف السطحي والجوفي للطرق
معدات تنفيذ الطرق
اشتراطات تنفيذ اعمال الطرق داخل وخارج المدن

تحميل الملف مضغوط 


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دليل تقييم الأضرار والخسائر بعد وقوع الكوارث

دليل تقييم الأضرار والخسائر بعد وقوع الكوارث



دليل استرشادي وضعه خبراء البنك الدولي لتقييم الاضرار الناتجة عن الكوارث

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عبر اللينك

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Traffic Engineering Manual Revised: June 2018


Traffic Engineering Manual Revised: June 2018

دليل هندسة المرور النسخة المنقحة عام 2018


محتويات الكتاب

Chapter 1 Procedure


Chapter 2 Signs

Chapter 3 Signals

Chapter 4 Markings

Chapter 5 Specialized Operational Topics

History

Index of Statutes, Rules, and Procedures

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طريق الهرم عام 3000 ق .م

طريق الهرم عام 3000 ق .م

إضافة شرح

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تحميل كتاب تكنلوجيا صيانة الطرق

تحميل كتاب تكنلوجيا صيانة الطرق

كتاب مهم للمهتمين والعاملين في مجال صيانة الطرق من مقاولين واستشاريين وكذلك للعاملين في المؤسسات الحكومية في مجال صيانة الطرق يشرح طرق تقييم الطرق وتحديد حاجتها للصيانة والعيوب وطرق صيانتها والتحكم المروري في مواقع العمل


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الدليل الفني الكامل للاشراف على تنفيذ مشاريع الطرق

الدليل الفني الكامل للاشراف على تنفيذ مشاريع الطرق

دليلك للاشراف على مشاريع الطرق بشكل مبسط وكامل ووافي


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التصميم الهندسي للطرق Road Design


التصميم الهندسي للطرق     Road Design




يتضمن كود التصميم الهندسي للطرق مبادئ التصميم الأساسية والقيم المطلوبة والحدية من أجل تصميم الطرق أو إعادة التصميم، وذلك للطرق الواقعة خارج المناطق المبنية، أي خارج المناطق العمرانية. بناءً على خاصية وأهداف كود التصميم الهندسي للطرق فإنه لا يمكن للكود تقديم حلول تصميمية  جاهزة لكل المسائل التصميمية، ولكن يتم تقديم مبادئ ويتم الالتزام بها.

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تصميم الخلطات الاسفلتية

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Bridge Type Selection

 Bridge Type Selection

1. Engineering, architectural (when warranted), and cost studies shall be prepared for each structure or group of structures. Where several structures are in close proximity with each other, studies may be prepared to show possible interaction with each other.
In the consideration of the need for a movable bridge structure, the long term investment associated with machinery maintenance, liabilities associated with navigation hazards and staffing the structure with operators should be considered. Also, the impact of traffic congestion due to openings should be considered. These issues should be addressed in assessing the cost and practicality of a movable bridge versus a fixed bridge.
2. These initial studies should be developed from a careful appraisal of the site, foundation, drainage conditions, highway limitations, and environmental impact, both present and future. The structural types proposed as a result of these studies must be based on the highest standards of creativity and engineering technique.
3. For a group of bridges in a contract, structure types should be similar so that similarity of construction details may result in economy of costs.
4. New materials and developments may be incorporated in the design of the proposed structures. This is provided that approval has been given by the Manager, Bureau of Structural Engineering.
5. Economy, aesthetics, maximum safety and infrastructure security are compatible in the design of structures. For grade separation structures, in urban as well as rural areas, the absence of shoulder piers allows for possible future widening of the lower roadway while removing sight line restrictions and minimizing safety hazards. The resultant "open" structure usually results in a more pleasing appearance.
6. In planning new bridges, the list of available structure materials and types of construction should be considered. The use of High Performance Steel and High Performance Concrete is encouraged. At any given location, the ultimate selection should be based on suitability and aesthetics. This is with consideration of the bridge and its site as an entity and also as part of the surrounding environment.
The character and coloration of the terrain and the form of nearby structures should all be influences on the aesthetics proposed for the structure.
7. Superstructures of shallow proportion shall be strived for; however, stiffness requirements and other design considerations must be balanced against those of aesthetic appeal. Ordinarily, the superstructure should be of uniform depth from end to end. Unsightly details, which present abrupt discontinuities in the bridge profile, should be avoided.
8. In arriving at span proportions, substructure elements should be positioned well clear of travelled roadways. Minimum lateral clearances are illustrated therein. Where considerations of economy permit, abutment faces should be at least 30 feet from roadways. Planning along these lines should result in proportions which are economical, aesthetic, and that provide maximum safety for the travelling public.
9. Abutments and wingwalls should be made as inconspicuous as possible by limiting the exposed height of the abutment (preferably stub to semi-stub). An appropriately aesthetic type treatment shall be proposed for all large exposed surfaces.
10.Concrete piers which are built near roadways should generally be of open-type construction (i.e. column bent piers). When supporting a multitude of closely spaced stringers, a common and simple frame consisting of a uniform depth cap beam on circular columns may be suitable. Often times, frame proportions are enhanced by allowing the cap beam to cantilever over the exterior columns with a variable depth that tapers to a minimum beyond the fascia stringer bearing. The slender tee-pier should not be overlooked for the support of high crossings or narrow structures.
11.New designs, as well as major rehabilitation work for high level or complex structures, should include permanent provisions for inspection, such as catwalks, in order to make bridge members accessible. Bridge design engineers should ensure that easy and adequate access can be achieved, especially to pin-hanger assemblies, fatigue prone details and fracture critical members.

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Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Philosophy


The design of new structures and new elements of rehabilitated bridge structures shall be completed with the use of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications.
The LRFD bridge design philosophy is based on the premise that four Limit States are stipulated to achieve the basic design objectives of constructability, safety and serviceability. All Limit States are given equal importance.
The four Limit States are:
Service Limit State: Stress, deformation and crack width are limited under service conditions
Fatigue and Fracture Limit State: Fatigue stress range is limited for the expected number of stress cycles due to a single design truck in order to control crack initiation and propagation, and to prevent fracture during the design life of the bridge.
Strength Limit State: Strength and stability are provided to resist the significant load combinations that a bridge is expected to experience in its design life.
Extreme Event Limit States: Structures are proportioned to resist collapse due to extreme events, such as, major earthquake, flood, ice flow, collision by a vessel, etc.
Equation 1.3.2.1-1 of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, unless otherwise specified, must be satisfied for each Limit State:
Equation 1.3.2.1-1 of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, unless otherwise specified, must be satisfied for each Limit State:
Where η = ηDηRηI ≥ 0.95
η = A factor relating to ductility, redundancy and operational importance.
ηD = A factor relating to ductility
ηR = A factor relating to redundancy
ηI = A factor relating to importance
ɤI = Load factor: A statistically based multiplier
ɸ = Resistance Factor: A statistically based multiplier
QI = Force Effect
Rn = Nominal Resistance
Rr = Factored Resistance: ɸ Rn
Subsection 1.3 of the LRFD Specifications may be referred to for additional commentary concerning the philosophy of the Specifications’ development.
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Bridge Terms تسميات عناصر الجسر او الكوبري

Bridge Terms تسميات عناصر الجسر او الكوبري

The following is a list of bridge terms usually found in bridge plans or referred to in bridge construction

Abutment
The portion of the bridge substructure at either end of a bridge which transfers loads from the superstructure to the foundation and provides lateral support for embankment.

Alignment Bearing
A bearing that prevents transverse movement of the superstructure. Normally, one beam on each span has an alignment bearing. However, seismic considerations may warrant provision of more than one alignment bearing.

Backwall
The portion of an abutment behind the bridge seats which extends upward from the top of the bridge seats to the top of the abutment or bottom of the header.

Batter
A deviation from the vertical, commonly found on the back sides of walls and on piles.

Bearing
Usually, a device which supports the end of a girder and distributes superstructure loads to the abutment or pier. Fixed bearings do not provide for longitudinal movement of the superstructure to compensate for expansion and contraction due to temperature changes.

Bent
A row or group of piles in a structure, a row of columns. Piers are also referred to as bents when the piles extend above the ground to the pier cap.

Boring
An exploration of subsurface material. Borings are used by the Design Engineer in determining the types and dimensions of foundations required. Borings are used by Construction personnel to determine the type of materials in which piles are to bear, and to determine suitable bearing strata in foundation excavations.

Borrow Excavation, Bridge Foundation (BEBF)
Select compacted material used for foundations.

Bridge Seat
The horizontal surface on an abutment or pier on which the girders are to be supported.

Bulkhead
1. Usually, bulkheads (timber, concrete, or steel sheeting) are constructed adjacent to railroads or waterways to retain embankments or prevent erosion.
2. A temporary vertical form at a construction, contraction or expansion joint.

Camber
A slight parabolic curvature constructed into a girder to:
1. Compensate for deflections in the girder due to the weight of the girder and weight of concrete supported by it.
2. Provide curvature to the superstructure if the roadway profile is on a vertical curve.
3. Provide architectural curvature to the girder.

Cap Beam
A steel, timber or concrete beam capping a bent of piles or columns.
Centerline of Bearings
A horizontal alignment control line through the centers of the bearings which is used in abutment or pier layout and girder erection.

Chamfer
The inclined flat surface formed by removing a square edge or corner; a beveled edge.

Column
A vertical compression member usually circular or rectangular in cross section. In piers, columns transfer loads from the superstructure to the footing foundation.

Construction Joint
A joint where adjacent portions of the structure are joined together. This is usually roughly finished and has reinforcement steel extending through it. Abbr.: Const. Jt.

Contraction Joint
A joint which separates two adjacent portions of the structure and contains a bond break such as a paraffin coating. Abbr.: Contr. Jt.

Coping
A projecting course of concrete. Usually, this is a projection on the outside of bridge sidewalks. It is also found on wingwalls of stub abutments and some pier cap beams.

Cutoff Wall
A type of concrete header constructed under headwall aprons, culvert invert slabs and culvert wingwall footings to prevent washouts caused by scouring action of the water.

Diaphragm
Channel, angle steel or cast-in-place concrete cross bracing between girders.

Dowel
A reinforcement bar extending through a construction joint connecting two adjacent portions of the structure.


Elevation View
A front or side view.

Expansion Joint
A joint which separates two adjacent portions of a structure and contains compressible material to allow for concrete expansion. Abbr.: Exp. Jt.

Fascia Beams
The outermost girders on any span.

Flange
The projecting portion of a beam or channel. The top or the bottom plate of a steel girder.

Footing
Part of a foundation, normally wider than the supported wall or column, which transmits loads from above to the soil below either by direct contact or through piles.

Foundation
The part of a structure which is usually placed below the surface of the ground which distributes the load upon the subsoil.

Girder
A horizontal supporting structural member. (Beam, Stringer)

Header
A concrete wall on the top of an abutment backwall usually found between the end of a deck slab and the roadway approach slab.

Integral Abutment Bridge
A bridge whose superstructure is rigidly connected to its abutments.

Life Cycle Cost
The total cost of an item’s ownership over a specified period of time. For NJDOT Bridge Projects, this period will be 100 years. This includes initial acquisition costs (right of way, planning, design, construction), operation, maintenance, modification, replacement, demolition, financing, taxes, disposal and salvage value as applicable.

Parapet
A concrete railing or barrier located on the bridge deck fascia and the tops of retaining walls.

Pier
The portion of the bridge substructure which transfers loads from the superstructure to the foundation. Provides intermediate support for multi-span bridges.


Piles
Shafts of concrete, timber, or steel which are used to transfer foundation loads through subsurface materials.

Pitch
The vertical distance covered by one turn of spiral reinforcement in columns.

Plan View
Top view.

Retaining Wall
A wall designed to retain embankment and prevent erosion.

Section View
An internal view. In Bridge Plans, sections are usually shown through all parts of the structure.

Shear Connectors
Usually stud type connectors welded to the top of girders or U type reinforcement protruding from prestressed concrete beams and embedded in the concrete deck slabs.

Soffit
The underside portion of a deck slab overhanging the exterior of fascia girders.

Stiffener
Longitudinal or vertical plates (welded to structural steel beams) to prevent buckling.

Substructure
The part of a structure below the superstructure.

Superstructure
In a bridge, the superstructure consists of bearings, girders, decks, sidewalks, etc. (All above the substructure).

Wingwall
A wall at the end of an abutment or culvert for retaining slopes and preventing erosion.

Viaduct
A bridge made up of multi-spans supported on piers carrying the roadway over streets, highways, railroads and/or streams.



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STATE OF CALIFORNIA CALIFORNIA STATE TRANSPORTATION AGENCY DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

STATE OF CALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA STATE TRANSPORTATION AGENCY
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
2015
PUBLISHED BY
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION



ولاية كاليفورنيا
وكالة نقل ولاية كاليفورنيا
قسم النقل
2015
نشرت من قبل
قسم النقل

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Professional English in Use Engineering Technical English for Professionals

Professional English in UseEngineering Technical English for Professionals



ProfessionalEnglish in UseEngineering
Technical English for Professionals
Mark Ibbotson
 UNIVERSITY PRESS

الكتاب موجه للمهندسين والفنيين المختصين ويقدم اكثر من 1500 كلمة وعبارة تخصصية في مختلف المجالات الهندسية ويتميز عن غيره بانه لايقدم فقط المصطلحات والمفاهيم اللازمة وانما :
  • يقدم مصطلحات اساسية في جميع المجالات كالاسماء والابعاد والاوصاف 
  • لغة المناقشة وتطبيق المفاهيم الهندسية على سبيل المثال ، الإجهاد والجهد والعمل والقوة ، وديناميكيات السوائل
  • لغة أكثر تحديدًا للهندسة الميكانيكية والكهربائية والمدنية / الإنشائية.

Professional English in Use Engineering presents around 1,500 of the most important technical words and phrases in English that engineers and engineering technicians need
    for their work. The vocabulary has been carefully chosen to include:
      • terms that are essential in all fields of engineering - for example, all engineers need to
        discuss dimensions and tolerances, know the names of common materials, and describe
          how components are fitted and fixed together
            • language for discussing and applying key engineering concepts - for example, stress
              and strain, work and power, and fluid dynamics
                • more specific language for mechanical, electrical and civil/structural engineering.


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